°í¹ß´º½º´åÄÄ
»çȸgo
NYT, È«¼º´ã È­¹é ¡®¼¼¿ù¿À¿ù¡¯ Àü½Ã °ÅºÎ »ó¼¼ º¸µµÈ«¼º´ã ¡°¼¼¿ùÈ£ µî Çö¾È¹®Á¦ °ø·ÐÈ­ ¸øÇÏ´Â »çȸ.. Âü»ç ÀϾ±â ½±´Ù¡±
¹®Àå¿ø ±âÀÚ  |  balnews21@gmail.com
ÆùƮŰ¿ì±â ÆùÆ®ÁÙÀ̱â ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱ⠸ÞÀϺ¸³»±â ½Å°íÇϱâ
½ÂÀÎ 2014.09.01  10:17:27
¼öÁ¤ 2014.09.01  10:54:37
Æ®À§ÅÍ ÆäÀ̽ººÏ ±¸±Û

¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»ç¿Í °ü·ÃÇØ ¹Ú±ÙÇý Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¹«´ÉÀ» dzÀÚÇÑ ±×¸² ‘¼¼¿ù ¿À¿ù’À» ±¤ÁÖºñ¿£³¯·¹ 20ÁÖ³â Ưº°ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ ÃâÇ°Çß´Ù ÀÚÁø ö°ÅÇÑ ¹ÎÁßÈ­°¡ È«¼º´ã ¾¾°¡ ¹Ì±¹ <´º¿åŸÀÓ½º>¿ÍÀÇ ÀÎÅͺ信¼­ À̹ø »çŸ¦ “¿¹¼ú°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸»µµ ¾È µÇ´Â ¸ðµ¶”ÀÌ¶ó °­ÇÏ°Ô ºñÆÇÇß´Ù.

<´º½ºÇÁ·Î>¿¡ µû¸£¸é È« È­¹éÀº ÀÎÅͺ信¼­ “¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»ç´Â 5·18 ±¤ÁÖ¹ÎÁÖÈ­¿îµ¿ 34³â ¸¸¿¡ ±¹°¡°¡ ¹úÀÎ ´ë·® Çлì”À̶ó¸ç ÀÛÇ°À» ±×¸®°Ô µÈ ¹è°æÀ» ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.

ÀÌ¾î “±×µéÀÌ ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ³»°¡ ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇØÁÖ´Â °Í”À̶ó¸ç “¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·É Áý±Ç ÇÏ¿¡¼­´Â ±× ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿À·¡µÈ °üÇà, Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â °üÇàÀ¸·Î Åðº¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù”°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.

   
 

ƯÈ÷ ½Å¹®Àº È« È­¹é¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ »ó¼¼È÷ ¼Ò°³Çß´Ù. 1980³â ±¤ÁÖ¹ÎÁÖÈ­¿îµ¿¿¡µµ Âü¿©Çß´ø ±×´Â “³» µ¿·áµéÀÌ ´«¾Õ¿¡¼­ Á׾´Â °ÍÀ» Á÷Á¢ º» µÚ, Æò»ý ±¹°¡ÀÇ Æø·Â¼ºÀ» ¿¹¼ú·Î °í¹ßÇÏ¸ç »ì±â·Î °á½ÉÇß´Ù”¸ç “±¹°¡ÀÇ ÀÜȤ¼ºÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ°í °í¹ßÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ³» ÀÏ»ýÀÇ Àǹ«·Î ÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í, ±× ¶§¿¡ °á½ÉÇß´Ù. ±×¸²Àº ³ªÀÇ ¾ð¾îÀÌÀÚ, ³ªÀÇ ÇÇÄÏÀ̸ç, ³ªÀÇ Ç÷¡Ä«µå”¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

¶Ç “1990³â´ë Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ÀÌÈÄ ¸¹Àº ¹ÎÁßÀÛ°¡µéÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖÁ¦·Î ³Ñ¾î°¬Áö¸¸ È« ¾¾´Â ±º»çµ¶À縦 °ÞÀº µÚ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹ÎÁßÈ­°¡·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù”¸ç “±×´Â µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç½ÃÀý·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÖÈÄ·Î ³²Àº ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡”¶ó´Â ¹Ì¼úÆò·Ð°¡ ±èÁ¾±æ ¾¾ÀÇ Æò°¡µµ ÇÔ²² ÀüÇß´Ù.

<´º¿åŸÀÓ½º>´Â ÇöÀç Çѱ¹ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÌ °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ‘Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯’ ¹®Á¦µµ °Å·ÐÇß´Ù. ½Å¹®Àº “Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀº ÇÇÄ«¼Ò¶ó´Â ºê·£µåÀÇ Å©·¹ÆĽº°¡ ±× ¿¹¼ú°¡°¡ °ø»ê´ç ÀÏ¿øÀ̾ú´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÇѶ§ ±ÝÁöµÆ´ø µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­º¸´Ù´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù”¸é¼­µµ “Á¤Ä¡Àû dzÀÚ¸¦ °¨ÇàÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¹èôµÇ°í ½Ã´Þ¸²À» ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´À³¤´Ù. Á¤Ä¡ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇØ È£ÀÇÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹¦»ç¸¦ Çؼ­ ¼Ò¼Û¿¡ ÈÖ¸»¸®°Å³ª ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÁË·Î °í¼Ò´çÇϱâ±îÁö ÇÑ´Ù”°í ²¿Áý¾ú´Ù.

ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ È« È­¹éÀº “¼¼¿ùÈ£ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Çö¾È¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ³íÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î Á¦ ±â´ÉÀ» ´ÙÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »çȸ·Î¼­ÀÇ Â¡ÈÄ·Î º»´Ù” “±×·± »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â Âü»ç°¡ ÀϾ±â ½±´Ù. Á¤Ä¡±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç³ÀÚ°¡ ¹üÁË·Î ¿©°ÜÁ®¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù”°í ¸»Çß´Ù. (¢Ñ ´º¿åŸÀÓ½º ÇØ´ç º¸µµ ¹Ù·Î°¡±â)

´ÙÀ½Àº ´º½ºÇÁ·Î°¡ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ ´º¿åŸÀÓ½º ±â»çÀü¹®

¹ø¿ª °¨¼ö: ÀÓ¿Á

An Artist Is Rebuked for Casting South Korea’s Leader in an Unflattering Light

Çѱ¹ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ºñÈ£°¨À¸·Î ±×·Á È­°¡ ÁúÃ¥ ¹Þ´Ù

By CHOE SANG-HUNAUG. 30, 2014

The artist Hong Sung-dam with a replica of “Sewol Owol,” which was pulled from the Gwangju Beinnale for its parodies of the president.
Credit Jean Chung for The New York Times
´ëÅë·ÉÀ» Æз¯µðÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ±¤ÁÖ ºñ¿£³¯·¹¿¡¼­ Àü½Ã°¡ Ãë¼ÒµÈ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ° “¼¼¿ù¿À¿ù”ÀÇ º¹»çÆÇ°ú ÇÔ²², È«¼º´ã È­¹é

GWANGJU, South Korea — After 250 South Korean high school students died in the sinking of the Sewol ferry in April, the artist Hong Sung-dam lashed out at a political and business elite he considers responsible for the disaster, doing so in the way he knows best. He painted, pouring his protest onto canvas just as he did during the country’s long years of military dictatorship.

Çѱ¹ ±¤ÁÖ – Áö³­ 4¿ù ¼¼¿ùÈ£ ħ¸ô·Î 250¸íÀÇ Çѱ¹ °íµîÇб³ ÇлýµéÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÑ ÈÄ È­°¡ È«¼º´ãÀº ÀÌ Âü»ç¿¡ Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â Á¤Ä¡Àû, »ç¾÷Àû ¿¤¸®Æ® Ãþ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñ³­À», ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °¡Àå Àß ÇÒ ÁÙ ¾Æ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Æۺξú´Ù. ±×´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±ä ¼¼¿ùÀÇ ±º»ç µ¶Àç ½ÃÀý¿¡ ±×·¨´ø °Íó·³ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀúÇ×À» È­Æø¿¡ ½ñ¾Æ³»¸ç ±×¸²À» ±×·È´Ù.

He was not imprisoned this time, as he was in the waning years of military-backed rule. But Mr. Hong’s 34 foot by 8 foot canvas, which includes a caricature of President Park Geun-hye, was pulled from South Korea’s best-known international art festival in a type of censorship usually reserved for those accused of supporting communist North Korea.

À̹ø¿¡´Â ±ººÎ°¡ µÚ¸¦ ¹ÞÃÄÁÖ´ø Á¤±ÇÀÌ ±â¿ï¾î°¡´ø ´ç½Ã¿¡ ±×·¨´ø °Íó·³ Åõ¿ÁµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ÈñÈ­ÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ´ã±ä È« È­¹éÀÇ °¡·Î 34 ÇÇÆ® ¼¼·Î 8 ÇÇÆ®ÀÇ ±×¸²Àº ºÏÇÑ °ø»êÁ¤±ÇÀ» ÃßÁ¾ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÇøÀǸ¦ ¹Þ´Â Àڵ鿡°Ô ÁÖ·Î °¡ÇØÁö´Â °Ë¿­ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î, Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ±¹Á¦ ¹Ì¼úÀü¿¡¼­ öȸµÆ´Ù.

“This is a ridiculous insult to an artist,” Mr. Hong said of the treatment of the painting, in which Ms. Park is depicted as a puppet controlled by her late father, who led the country for nearly two decades after engineering a coup. “What they did was proof of what I tried to say in the painting. Under Park Geun-hye, the country is reverting to the old practices of her father’s era, repressing freedom of expression.”

“ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿¹¼ú°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸»µµ ¾ÈµÇ´Â ¸ðµ¶ÀÌ´Ù”°í È« È­¹éÀº, ÄíÅן¸¦ µµ¸ðÇÑ ÈÄ °ÅÀÇ À̽ʳ⿡ °ÉÃÄ Çѱ¹À» ÅëÄ¡Çß´ø, °íÀÎÀÌ µÈ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¶Á¾ ´çÇÏ´Â Çã¼ö¾Æºñ·Î ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ¹¦»çÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ °Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ³í¶õ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸»Çß´Ù. “±×µéÀÌ ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ³»°¡ ÀÛÇ°¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇØÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇý ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ³ª¶ó´Â ±× ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ½Ã´ë¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¿À·¡µÈ °üÇà, Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â °üÇàÀ¸·Î Åðº¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.”

NYT_0830_2014_3

“Satirizing political power should not be a crime,” said Mr. Hong, criticizing the elite. Credit Jean Chung for The New York Times
“Á¤Ä¡±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç³ÀÚ°¡ ¹üÁË·Î ¿©°ÜÁ®¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù”°í È« È­¹éÀº ¿¤¸®Æ® ÃþÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù.

Ms. Park’s administration has come under withering criticism since the disaster, first for a botched rescue effort, then for resisting the kind of broad independent investigation the victims’ families have demanded into the muddled emergency response and the lax government regulatory system many say helped lead to the sinking.

¸ÕÀú, ½ÇÆÐÇÑ ±¸Á¶ ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­, ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÌÈÄ °¥ÆÎÁúÆÎÇß´ø ÀÀ±Þ»óȲ´ëó¿Í ¸¹Àº À̵éÀÌ Ä§¸ôÀ» À¯¹ßÇß´Ù°í º¸´Â ´À½¼ÇÑ Á¤ºÎ ±ÔÁ¦ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Èñ»ýÀÚ À¯°¡Á·µéÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇØ ¿Â, Æø ³Ð°í µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ¼ö»ç¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¹Ú±ÙÇý Á¤ºÎ´Â Âü»ç ÀÌÈÄ·Î ¸Íºñ³­À» ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.

The painting, which Mr. Hong painted with other artists he invited to participate, shows the doomed ship at its center, upside down. Two enormous figures have lifted it out of the water, and — in an imagined happier ending — the passengers are emerging from the boat, smiling and waving. Surrounding that scene is a phantasmagoria of politically charged images from South Korean history, some dating from the country’s years of military rule. A prisoner is tortured under interrogation, and sinister figures lurk, wearing sunglasses and army uniforms.

Âü¿©Çϵµ·Ï ÃÊ´ëÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ È­°¡µé°ú ÇÔ²² È« È­¹éÀÌ ±×¸° ÀÌ ±×¸²Àº µÚÁý¾îÁø ºÒ¿îÀÇ ¹è¸¦ Áß¾Ó¿¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. 2¸íÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¹è¸¦ ¹°¿¡¼­ µé¾î¿Ã·È°í – °¡»óÀÇ ÇູÇÑ °á¸»·Î¼­ – ½Â°´µéÀÌ ¹Ì¼Ò¸¦ Áþ°í ¼ÕÀ» Èçµé¸ç ¹è¿¡¼­ ºüÁ®³ª¿Â´Ù. ÀÌ Àå¸éÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº, ±º»çÁ¤ºÎ ½ÃÀý ´ç½ÃÀÇ Àι° ¸î¸îÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ­ Çѱ¹ ¿ª»çÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀÎ Àι°µéÀÌ ÁÖ¸¶µîó·³ ³ª¿­µÇ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀÌ´Ù. Àç¼ÒÀÚ°¡ ¼ö»ç Áß¿¡ °í¹®À» ´çÇÏ°í ¼±±Û¶ó½º¿Í ±ºº¹À» ÀÔÀº »ç¾ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸öÀ» ¼û±â°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Gwangju’s leaders defended their initial refusal to allow the painting in the festival, the Gwangju Biennale, an act that was unexpected in a city with a long history of resistance to conservative political power.

±¤Áֽà ÁöµµºÎ´Â ÀÌ ÀÛÇ°ÀÌ ±¤ÁÖºñ¿£³¯·¹ ÃàÁ¦¿¡ ÃâÇ°µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Çൿ, Áï º¸¼öÀûÀÎ Á¤Ä¡±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇÏ´Â ¿À·£ ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ °¡Áø µµ½Ã¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À¸®¶ó°í ¿¹»óµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¯¸íÇß´Ù.

“We demanded the exclusion of Mr. Hong’s painting because of its explicit political intention, such as the parodying of the president,” Oh Hyeong-guk, a vice mayor of Gwangju, told reporters this month, adding that the city could not tolerate such a work in an art exhibition it helped finance. But as criticism mounted, the city later backtracked a bit, leaving the final decision to the festival’s authorities, who banned the painting.

“´ëÅë·É dzÀÚ µî ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡Àû Àǵµ ¶§¹®¿¡ È« È­¹éÀÇ ±×¸²À» Á¦¿ÜÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù”°í ¿ÀÇü±¹ ±¤Áֽà ÇàÁ¤ºÎ½ÃÀåÀÌ ÀÌ´Þ ±âÀڵ鿡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸ç ½ÃÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¿¹¼ú Àü½Ãȸ¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°À» ¿ëÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºñÆÇÀÌ °Å¼¼ÁöÀÚ ±¤Áֽô ÈÄ¿¡ ±× ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ¾à°£ ¹°·¯³ª¼­ Àü½Ãȸ Àü¹®°¡µé¿¡°Ô ÃÖÁ¾ °áÁ¤À» ¸Ã±â°Ú´Ù°í Çß°í Àü½Ãȸ ÃøÀº ÀÌ ±×¸²ÀÇ Àü½Ã¸¦ ±ÝÇß´Ù.

Some artists pulled out of the biennale in protest, and a few of its top officials resigned, saying they were torn between defending Mr. Hong’s freedom of expression and respecting the wishes of the city, one of the event’s main financial backers.

ÀϺΠȭ°¡µéÀº Ç×ÀÇÀÇ Ç¥½Ã·Î ºñ¿£³¯·¹ Âü¿©¸¦ öȸÇß°í ¸î¸î °íÀ§Á÷ ÀÓ¿øµéÀÌ È« È­¹éÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú Çà»çÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÀçÁ¤ÈÄ¿øÀÚ Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ±¤ÁÖ½ÃÀÇ ¹Ù·¥À» Á¸ÁßÇÏ´Â °Í »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¾î¼Áö ¸øÇÏ°í »çÅðÇß´Ù.

The controversy, which Ms. Park’s office has not commented on, has renewed longstanding questions about the limits to artistic expression in South Korea.

¹Ú±ÙÇý Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ´ëÀÀÀÌ ¾ø¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ³í¶õÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¿¹¼úÀû Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÇÑ°è¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿À·£ ±â°£¿¡ °ÉÄ£ Áú¹®ÀÌ ´Ù½Ã Á¦±âµÆ´Ù.

South Korean artists are vastly freer than they were under military rule, when a brand of crayon called Picasso was once banned because of the artist’s Communist associations. But artists who venture into political satire — like other government critics — often say they feel ostracized and harassed, and unflattering depictions of political leaders can lead to lawsuits and even criminal defamation charges.

Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀº, ÇÇÄ«¼Ò¶ó´Â ºê·£µåÀÇ Å©·¹ÆĽº°¡ ±× ¿¹¼ú°¡°¡ °ø»ê´ç ÀÏ¿øÀ̾ú´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÇѶ§ ±ÝÁöµÆ´ø µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­º¸´Ù´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Á¤Ä¡Àû dzÀÚ¸¦ °¨ÇàÇÏ´Â ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀº – ´Ù¸¥ Á¤ºÎ ºñÆÇ°¡µé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î- ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¹èôµÇ°í ½Ã´Þ¸²À» ´çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ´À³¤´Ù°í Á¾Á¾ ¸»Çϸç, Á¤Ä¡ ÁöµµÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇØ È£ÀÇÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹¦»ç¸¦ Çؼ­ ¼Ò¼Û¿¡ ÈÖ¸»¸®°Å³ª ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÁË·Î °í¼Ò´çÇϱâ±îÁö ÇÑ´Ù.

For Mr. Hong, a 59-year-old painter who decades ago was jailed and tortured for his political expression, the fight over the painting is the latest skirmish in a long battle with repressive forces he believes are still at work.

½Ê¼ö³âÀü¿¡ Á¤Ä¡ÀûÀΠǥÇö¶§¹®¿¡ ¼ö°¨µÇ¾î °í¹®´çÇß´ø 59¼¼ÀÇ È« È­¹é¿¡°Ô ÀÖ¾î, ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³í¶õÀº ±×°¡ »ý°¢Çϱ⿡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾ï¾ÐÀûÀÎ ±Ç·Â°úÀÇ ¿À·£ ÅõÀïÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.

“He is the last standing artist of resistance from the days of dictatorship,” said Gim Jong-gil, an art critic.

“±×´Â µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç½ÃÀý·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÖÈÄ·Î ³²Àº ÀúÇ×ÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡ÀÌ´Ù”°í ¹Ì¼úÆò·Ð°¡ ±èÁ¾±æÀº ¸»Çß´Ù.

As a young man, Mr. Hong studied art in Gwangju, which in the 1970s was a center of activism against the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee, Ms. Park’s father. By the time Mr. Park’s rule ended with his assassination in late 1979, Mr. Hong was an award-winning painter and a participant in the city’s underground pro-democracy movement.

È« È­¹éÀº ÀþÀº ½ÃÀý, 1970³â´ë ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç¿¡ ¸Â¼± ÀúÇ׿ÀÇ Áß½ÉÁöÀÎ ±¤ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼úÀ» °øºÎÇß´Ù. 1979³â ¾Ï»ì·Î ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ ÅëÄ¡°¡ ¸·À» ³»¸± ÁîÀ½, È« È­¹éÀº ÀÔ»óÇÑ È­°¡·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ¸ç µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±¤ÁÖÀÇ ÁöÇÏ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ¿îµ¿¿¡ Âü¿©Çß´Ù.

Hopes that Mr. Park’s death would lead to democratization were soon crushed as power was seized by Gen. Chun Doo-hwan, one of Mr. Park’s protégés who was the head of military intelligence during the last year of his rule. Gwangju erupted in protests, and the regime sent tanks and paratroopers into the city in May 1980, killing hundreds.

¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ Á×À½À¸·Î °ð ¹ÎÁÖÈ­°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸®¶õ Èñ¸ÁÀº, ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ ÃÑ¾Ö ¹Þ´ø ÈÄÁøÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ¸ç ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ ÅëÄ¡ ¸¶Áö¸· ÇØ¿¡ ±¹±º º¸¾È»ç·É°üÀ̾ú´ø ÀüµÎȯ À屺ÀÌ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Àå¾ÇÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °ð Áþ¹âÈ÷°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. 1980³â 5¿ù ±¤ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ§°¡ ÀϾ°í, Á¤±ÇÀº ÅÊ±×¿Í °ø¼öºÎ´ë¿øÀ» ÅõÀÔÇÏ¿© ¼ö¹é¸íÀ» Á׿´´Ù.

“I saw with my own eyes so many of my friends and colleagues killed,” Mr. Hong said. “I decided then and there I would make it my lifetime duty to record and indict state brutality. Painting is my language, my picket protest, my placard.”

“³Ê¹«³ª ¸¹Àº Ä£±¸µé°ú µ¿·áµéÀÌ Á׾´Â °ÍÀ» ³» µÎ ´«À¸·Î ¸ñ°ÝÇß´Ù”°í È« È­¹éÀº ¸»Çß´Ù. “±¹°¡ÀÇ ÀÜȤ¼ºÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ°í °í¹ßÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ³» ÀÏ»ýÀÇ Àǹ«·Î ÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í, ±× ¶§¿¡ °á½ÉÇß´Ù. È­¾÷Àº ³ªÀÇ ¾ð¾îÀÌÀÚ, ³ªÀÇ ÇÇÄÏÀ̸ç, ³ªÀÇ Ç÷¡Ä«µåÀÌ´Ù.”

Under Mr. Chun’s rule, Mr. Hong, who was often on the run from the authorities, produced lithographs depicting scenes from the Gwangju massacre. But he is best known for his large canvases, which have often focused on South Koreans who suffered at the hands of their leaders.

ÀüµÎȯ ÅëÄ¡ ÇÏ¿¡¼­, ´ç±¹ÀÇ ´«À» ÇÇÇØ Á¾Á¾ µµ¸ÁÀ» ´Ù³à¾ßÇß´ø È« È­¹éÀº ±¤ÁÖÇлì Àå¸éÀ» ¹¦»çÇÑ ¼®ÆÇÈ­¸¦ Á¦ÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ±¹°¡ ¼öÀå¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °íÅëÀ» ¹Þ´Â Çѱ¹ÀεéÀ» ÁÖ·Î ±×¸° ´ëÇü ĵ¹ö½ºÈ­·Î °¡Àå Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

Mr. Hong’s works, along with pieces by other activist artists, were put to use by the student-led democracy movement of the 1980s. Police officers using tear gas raided university campuses and tore their paintings down.

È« È­¹éÀÇ ÀÛÇ°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¿îµ¿±Ç ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀÇ ÀÛÇ°°ú ÇÔ²² 1980³â´ë ÇлýµéÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ¿îµ¿¿¡ »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. °æÂûÀº ÃÖ·ç°¡½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ´ëÇÐ Ä·ÆÛ½º¸¦ ±Þ½ÀÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ ±×¸²À» ¾ø¾Ý´Ù.

Although Mr. Hong escaped imprisonment during the darkest years of dictatorship, he was arrested in 1989 as the country was moving toward democracy. Mr. Hong was arrested after sending slides of some of his work, including a painting that depicted the Gwangju uprising, to Korean-Americans who were headed to a youth festival in Pyongyang, North Korea. He was deemed to have violated the National Security Law, still in effect today, which prohibits any act judged to be “helping the enemy” in North Korea. He was interrogated under torture and spent three years in prison.

È« È­¹é¿î ¾îµÎ¿î µ¶ÀçÁ¤±Ç Ä¡ÇÏ¿¡¼­ Åõ¿ÁÀ» ÇÇÇϱä ÇßÁö¸¸, Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÇâÇØ ³ª¾Æ°¡´ø 1989³â¿¡ ±¸¼ÓµÆ´Ù. ºÏÇÑÀÇ Æò¾ç¿¡¼­ û³âÃàÁ¦¸¦ ±âȹÇÏ´ø Çѱ¹°è ¹Ì±¹Àε鿡°Ô ±¤ÁֽùÎÇõ¸íÀ» ±×¸° ÀÛÇ°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÛÇ°µéÀ» ½½¶óÀ̵忡 ´ã¾Æ º¸³½ ÈÄ, È« È­¹éÀº üÆ÷µÆ´Ù. ±×´Â ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ À¯È¿ÇÑ ¹ýÀ¸·Î¼­ ºÏÇÑÀÇ “ÀûÀ» ÀÌ·Ó°Ô ÇÑ °Í”À¸·Î ÆǴܵǴ ¾î¶°ÇÑ Çൿµµ ±ÝÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» À§¹ÝÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵƴÙ. ±×´Â °í¹®À» ´çÇÏ°í ½É¹®À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç 3³âÀ» °¨¿Á¿¡¼­ º¸³Â´Ù.

After South Korea’s transition to democracy in the 1990s, most artists who had been active in the resistance to military rule moved on to other themes. But Mr. Hong continued to produce politically oriented work. In 2012, when the conservative Ms. Park ran for president, he made her a target. One scathing painting showed Ms. Park doing the now-famous “Gangnam Style” dance created by a South Korean performer. She was dancing below a noose, an allusion to the hanging of dissidents under her father’s regime. Another painting put Ms. Park in a delivery room, having just given birth to a baby who resembles her late father.

1990³â´ë Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ Ã¼Á¦·Î ÀüȯµÈ ÀÌÈÄ ±ºÀÇ ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â È°µ¿À» ÇØ¿Ô´ø ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¿¹¼ú°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖÁ¦µé·Î ³Ñ¾î°¬´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ È« È­¹éÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû ÁöÇâÀÇ ÀÛÇ°À» ¸¸µé¾î³»´Â ÀÏÀ» °è¼ÓÇß´Ù. 2012³â º¸¼ö ¹Ú±ÙÇý°¡ ´ëÅë·ÉÈ帷Π³ª¼¹À» ¶§ ±×´Â ±×³à¸¦ Ç¥ÀûÀ¸·Î »ï¾Ò´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ½Å¶öÇÑ ÇÑ ÀÛÇ°Àº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÇÑ °¡¼ö°¡ ¸¸µç ÀÌÁ¦ À¯¸íÇÑ ‘°­³²½ºÅ¸ÀÏ’ ÃãÀ» Ãß°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» º¸¿©Áá´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö ÅëÄ¡ ÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¹Ý´ëÆĵéÀÌ ±³¼öÇüÀ» ´çÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ï½Ã·Î ±×³à´Â ±³¼ö´ë ¿Ã°¡¹Ì ¾Æ·¡¼­ ÃãÃß°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±×¸²Àº ºÐ¸¸½Ç¿¡¼­ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ °íÀÎÀÌ µÈ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ´àÀº ÇÑ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¹æ±Ý Ãâ»êÇÑ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸¿©Áá´Ù.

Furious conservative politicians have compared Mr. Hong to Joseph Goebbels. The National Election Committee accused him of violating South Korean election law, which prohibits defaming candidates with the intent of preventing their election. But he was not charged. (Another artist, Lee Ha, was less fortunate; he was indicted after depicting Ms. Park as Snow White, holding a rotten apple with her father’s image engraved in its skin. He was acquitted two years later.)

°Ý³ëÇÑ º¸¼ö Á¤Ä¡ÀεéÀÌ È« ¾¾¸¦ Á¶¼Á ±Ëº§½º¿¡ ºñÀ¯Çß´Ù. Çѱ¹ ¼±°Å°ü¸®À§¿øȸ´Â ÀÏÁ¤ Èĺ¸ÀÇ ¼±ÃâÀ» ¹æÇØÇÒ Àǵµ·Î Èĺ¸ÀÚÀÇ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ÈѼÕÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼±°Å¹ýÀÇ À§¹ÝÀ¸·Î ±×¸¦ °í¹ßÇß´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×´Â ±â¼ÒµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (¿îÀÌ ±×¸¸Å­ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¼ú°¡ ÀÌÇÏ È­¹éÀº »ç°ú²®Áú¿¡ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ±×·ÁÁø ½âÀº »ç°ú Çϳª¸¦ µé°í ÀÖ´Â ¹é¼³°øÁÖ·Î ¹Ú±ÙÇý¸¦ ±×¸° ÈÄ¿¡ ±â¼ÒµÆ´Ù. ±×´Â 2³â ÈÄ¿¡ ¹«Á˼±°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.)

“Sewol Owol,” Mr. Hong’s painting about the ferry sinking, alludes both to the disaster of the ferry, the Sewol, and the Gwangju killings. (“Owol” means May, the month when the massacre occurred.) Both events hit especially close to home for Mr. Hong, who not only witnessed the Gwangju murders, but has lived for years in Ansan, the city where the high school students who died aboard the Sewol were from.

È« È­¹éÀÇ ¿©°´¼± ħ¸ôÀ» ±×¸° “¼¼¿ù¿À¿ù”Àº ¼¼¿ùÈ£ÀÇ Âü»ç¿Í ±¤ÁÖÇÐ»ì µÎ °¡Áö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù. (‘¿À¿ù’Àº ´ëÇлìÀÌ ÀϾ´ø 5¿ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.) µÎ »ç°Çµé ¸ðµÎ È« È­¹é¿¡°Ô´Â Ưº°È÷ Àý½ÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­, ±×´Â ±¤ÁÖÇлìÀ» Á÷Á¢ ¸ñ°ÝÇß°í, ¼¼¿ùÈ£¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇÑ °íµîÇб³ ÇлýµéÀÌ »ì´ø ¾È»ê¿¡ ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È »ì¾Ò´Ù.

One of those students, a girl who was in her junior year and who he said came from a poor family, worked part-time at his studio to help earn money and pick up skills to pursue her dream of being a painter. “Thirty-four years after the Gwangju massacre, in the Sewol disaster, I saw another massacre perpetrated by a cartel of crude capitalist businesses, corrupt bureaucrats and an irresponsible and feckless government,” Mr. Hong said, referring to the corporate greed and government corruption that investigators say contributed to the disaster. “This was state brutality.”

±×ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ±× Çлýµé Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÎ °¡³­ÇÑ °¡Á¤ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ °í±³ 2ÇгâÀ̾ú´ø ÇÑ ¼Ò³à´Â µ·µµ ¹ú°í ¶ÇÇÑ È­°¡°¡ µÇ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ²ÞÀ» ÁÀ¾Æ ½Ç·ÂÀ» ½×±â À§ÇØ ±×ÀÇ ½ºÆ©µð¿À¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¸£¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ Çß´Ù. Á¶»ç°üµéÀÌ Âü»çÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í º» ±â¾÷ÀÇ Å½¿å°ú Á¤ºÎÀÇ ºÎÆи¦ °¡¸®Å°¸ç, “±¤ÁÖ Çлì ÀÌÈÄ 34³âÀÌ Áö³ª ¹ß»ýÇÑ ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»ç¿¡¼­, ³ª´Â õ¹ÚÇÑ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀû »ó¾÷¼º, ºÎÆÐÇÑ °ü·á Áý´Ü, ¹«Ã¥ÀÓÇÏ°í ¹«´É·ÂÇÑ Á¤ºÎ¶ó´Â Ä«¸£ÅÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚÇàµÈ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ÇлìÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù”°í È« È­¹éÀº ¸»Çß´Ù. “ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±¹°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸¸ÇàÀ̾ú´Ù.”

After the city’s original rejection of his work, he retooled the painting, slightly. He replaced the caricature of the president with a chicken, a reference to a nickname used by critics: Geun-hye, the chicken. Startled city officials rejected that version as well.

±×ÀÇ ÀÛÇ°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÃÀÇ ´çÃÊ °ÅºÎ ÀÇ»ç ÀÌÈÄ, ±×´Â ÇØ´ç ±×¸²À» ¾à°£ ¼Õº¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ºñÆò°¡µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â º°¸íÀÎ ´ß±ÙÇý¸¦ °¡¸®Å°´Â ´ßÀ¸·Î ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ Ä³¸®Ä¿Ã³¸¦ ¹Ù²å´Ù. ±ô¦³î¶õ ½Ã °ø¹«¿øÀº ±× ÀÛÇ° ¿ª½Ã °ÅºÎÇß´Ù.

Mr. Hong sees the reaction to the Sewol painting as symptomatic of a dysfunctional society that cannot discuss its problems openly. Such a society, he said, is prone to disasters.

È« È­¹éÀº ¼¼¿ùÈ£ ±×¸²¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Çö¾È¹®Á¦µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ø°³ÀûÀ¸·Î ³íÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î Á¦ ±â´ÉÀ» ´ÙÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â »çȸ·Î¼­ÀÇ Â¡ÈÄ·Î º»´Ù. ±×·± »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â Âü»ç°¡ ÀϾ±â ½±´Ù°í ±×°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

“Satirizing political power should not be a crime,” he said.

“Á¤Ä¡±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç³ÀÚ°¡ ¹üÁË·Î ¿©°ÜÁ®¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù”°í ±×´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.

 

[°ü·Ã±â»ç]

¹®Àå¿ø ±âÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸¥±â»ç º¸±â  
ÆùƮŰ¿ì±â ÆùÆ®ÁÙÀ̱â ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱ⠸ÞÀϺ¸³»±â ½Å°íÇϱâ
Æ®À§ÅÍ ÆäÀ̽ººÏ ±¸±Û µÚ·Î°¡±â À§·Î°¡±â
±â»ç ´ñ±Û 0°³
Àüüº¸±â
ù¹ø° ´ñ±ÛÀ» ³²°ÜÁÖ¼¼¿ä.
°¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ º» ±â»ç
1
¡°¼úÀÚ¸® ȸÀ¯´Â Áø½Ç, °ÅÁþÀÌ¸é ¹«°íÀÇ ¹ú °¨¼öÇÒ °Í¡±
2
¹ÚÁ¤ÈÆ ´ë·É Ù½ ¡°´ë¼± ¶§ ëÅ Àû±Ø ÁöÁö, ÀÌ·± ÀÏ ´çÇÏ°í º¸´Ï¡¦¡±
3
¡®Ã¤»óº´ Ư°Ë ºÒ°¡¡¯ æ¨ ³í¸®¿¡ ¹ÚÁֹΠ¡°³» ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ±×¸® ¾ê±âÇÏ¸é ¾È µÅ, ¿Ö?¡±
4
¡°ëÅ Á¦¾È ¡®»çÀü ÀÇÁ¦Á¶À² ¾ø´Â¡¯ ¿µ¼öȸ´ã, »çÁøÂï±â¿ë ¾Æ´Ï±æ¡±
5
å¯ ¡®Ã¤»óº´ Ư°Ë¡¯ °ø¼¼ ¼Ó ëÅ, »õ °ø¼öóÀå Èĺ¸ Áö¸í
6
å¯ ¡°±è°ÇÈñ ÁÖ°¡Á¶ÀÛ ¹æ¼Û ³¹³¹ÀÌ Â¡°è°¡ ¹æ½ÉÀ§ ÀÏÀΰ¡¡±
7
ºÎ»ç·É°ü vs ¹ý¹«°ü¸®°ü ¾ù°¥¸° Áø¼ú¡¦ ¡°µÑ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀº À§Áõ¡±
8
¹ÎÁÖ´ç ¡°±¹È¸¹ý µû¶ó¡± 5¿ù Àӽñ¹È¸ ¼ÒÁý ¿ä±¸
9
æ¨ ¡®È²¿ì¿© ºñ´ëÀ§¡¯¿¡ ¹ÎÁÖ ¡°±¹¹Î¿ì·Õ, ¾çµÎ±¸À° ½ÃÁð2¡±
10
È«ÀÍÇ¥ ¡°ÀÇÀå, 2ÀÏ º»È¸ÀǼ­ ¹ý¾È ó¸® ÈÄ ¼ø¹æ °¡½Ã¶ó¡±
go¹ß´º½º ¼Ò°³¤ý±â»çÁ¦º¸¤ý±¤°í¹®ÀǤýºÒÆí½Å°í¤ý°³ÀÎÁ¤º¸Ãë±Þ¹æħ¤ýû¼Ò³âº¸È£Á¤Ã¥¤ýÀ̸ÞÀϹ«´Ü¼öÁý°ÅºÎ
¼­¿ï ¸¶Æ÷±¸ ¼­±³µ¿ 451-55 2Ãþ  |  ´ëÇ¥ÀüÈ­ : 02-325-8769  |  Æѽº¹øÈ£ : 02-325-8768   |  Ã»¼Ò³âº¸È£Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ : ±è¿µ¿ì
»ç¾÷ÀÚµî·Ï¹øÈ£ : 105-87-76922  |  Á¤±â°£Ç๰¤ýµî·Ï¹øÈ£ : ¼­¿ï ¾Æ 02285  |  µî·Ï¡¤¹ßÇàÀÏ: 2012³â 10¿ù 9ÀÏ  |  ¹ßÇà/ÆíÁýÀÎ : ±è¿µ¿ì
°ø½Ä°èÁ : ±¹¹ÎÀºÇà 090501-04-230157, ¿¹±ÝÁÖ : (ÁÖ)¹ß´º½º
Copyright © 2012 go¹ß´º½º´åÄÄ. All rights reserved. mail to balnews21@gmail.com
ÀúÈñ ¡®go¹ß´º½º¡¯¿¡ ½Ç¸° ³»¿ë Áß ºí·Î°Å±Û, Á¦ÈÞ±â»ç, Ä®·³ µî ÀϺγ»¿ëÀº ¡®go¹ß´º½º¡¯ÀÇ ÆíÁý¹æÇâ°ú ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.