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Politicians and Textbooks
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By THE EDITORIAL BOARD, January 13, 2014
Both Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan and President Park Geun-hye of South Korea are pushing to have high school history textbooks in their countries rewritten to reflect their political views.
ÀϺ» ÃѸ®ÀÎ ¾Æº£ ½ÅÁ¶¿Í Çѱ¹ ´ëÅë·É ¹Ú±ÙÇý µÑ ´Ù ±¹°¡ÀÇ °íµîÇб³ ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼°¡ ÀڽŵéÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû °ßÇظ¦ ¹Ý¿µÇϵµ·Ï ´Ù½Ã ¾²¿©Áöµµ·Ï ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ³Ö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Mr. Abe has instructed the Education Ministry to approve only textbooks that promote patriotism. He is primarily concerned about the World War II era, and wants to shift the focus away from disgraceful chapters in that history. For example, he wants the Korean “comfort women” issue taken out of textbooks, and he wants to downplay the mass killings committed by Japanese troops in Nanking. His critics say he is trying to foster dangerous nationalism by sanitizing Japan’s wartime aggression.
¾Æº£ÃѸ®´Â ±³À°ºÎ°¡ ¾Ö±¹½ÉÀ» °íÃëÇÏ´Â ³»¿ëÀÇ ±³°ú¼¸¸ ½ÂÀÎÇϵµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇß´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °ü½É ºÐ¾ß´Â ÀÌÂ÷´ëÀü ½Ã´ë·Î¼ ´ç½Ã ¿ª»çÀÇ ¼öÄ¡½º·¯¿î ÀåÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃÊÁ¡ÀÌ ¹þ¾î³ª±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Çѱ¹ "À§¾ÈºÎ" À̽´°¡ ±³°ú¼¿¡¼ »èÁ¦µÇ±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ°í ³²°æ¿¡¼ ÀϺ»±ºÀÌ ÀúÁö¸¥ ´ë·®Çл쵵 Ãà¼Ò ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÑ´Ù. ºñÆÇÀÚµéÀº ±×°¡ ÀüÀï ´ç½ÃÀÇ ÀϺ»ÀÇ Ä§·« ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¹ÌÈÇÔÀ¸·Î½á À§ÇèÇÑ ±¹¼öÁÖÀǸ¦ À°¼ºÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
Ms. Park is concerned about the portrayal of Japanese colonialism and the postcolonial South Korean dictatorships in history books. She wants to downplay Korean collaboration with the Japanese colonial authorities and last summer pushed the South Korean Education Ministry to approve a new textbook that says those who worked with the Japanese did so under coercion. (A majority of professionals and elite civil servants today come from families that worked with the Japanese colonizers.) Academics, trade unions and teachers have accused Ms. Park of distorting history.
¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼¿¡ µîÀåÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¦ ½Ä¹ÎÁ¤Ä¡½Ã´ë¿Í ±× ½Ã´ë ÀÌÈÄÀÇ Çѱ¹ ±º»çµ¶Àç ºÎºÐ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ì·ÁÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ú´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÀϺ» ½Ä¹ÎÁ¤ºÎ ´ç±¹°ú Çѱ¹ÀÌ Çù·ÂÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» Ãà¼Ò ±â·ÏÇϱ⸦ ¿øÇϸç, Áö³ ¿©¸§ Çѱ¹ ±³À°ºÎ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ´ç½Ã ÀϺ»¿¡ ÇùÁ¶Çß´ø »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¿ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±×·¸°Ô Çß´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ ±³°ú¼¸¦ ½ÂÀÎÇϵµ·Ï ¾Ð·ÂÀ» ³Ö¾ú´Ù. (¿À´Ã³¯ ´ë´Ù¼öÀÇ Àü¹®Á÷°ú °íÀ§ °ø¹«¿øµéÀÌ ÀϺ» ½Ä¹ÎÁ¤ºÎ¿Í ÇùÁ¶Çß´ø Áý¾È Ãâ½ÅÀÌ´Ù.) Çаè, ³ëÁ¶, ±³»çµéÀº ¹Ú´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¿Ö°îÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ºñ³Çß´Ù.
Mr. Abe and Ms. Park both have personal family histories that make them sensitive to the war and collaboration. After Japan’s defeat in the war, the Allied powers arrested Mr. Abe’s grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, as a suspected class A war criminal. Ms. Park’s father, Park Chung-hee, was an Imperial Japanese Army officer during the colonial era and South Korea’s military dictator from 1962 to 1979. In both countries, these dangerous efforts to revise textbooks threaten to thwart the lessons of history.
¾Æº£ÃѸ®¿Í ¹Ú´ëÅë·ÉÀº µÑ ´Ù ÀÌÂ÷´ëÀü°ú Ä£ÀÏ ÇùÁ¶ À̽´¿¡ ¹Î°¨ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ Áý¾È ³»·ÂÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÆÐÀü ÈÄ ¿¬ÇÕ±ºÀº ¾Æº£ÃѸ®ÀÇ ÇҾƹöÁöÀÎ ³ëºÎ½ºÄÉ Å°½Ã¸¦ A±Þ Àü¹ü ÀÇȤÀڷΠüÆ÷Çß´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ´Â ½Ä¹Î ½ÃÀý ÀϺ» Á¦±¹±º´ëÀÇ Àå±³¿´À¸¸ç 1962³â¿¡¼ 1979³â±îÁö Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±º»ç µ¶ÀçÀÚ¿´´Ù. µÎ ³ª¶ó ¸ðµÎ ±³°ú¼¸¦ °íÄ¡·Á´Â À§ÇèÇÑ ½Ãµµ´Â ¿ª»ç°¡ ÁÖ´Â ±³ÈÆÀ» ºÎÀÎÇÏ·Á´Â À§ÇùÀÌ´Ù.
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