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Talk about impeaching South Korea’s president is growing louder
Çѱ¹, ´ëÅë·É źÇÙ·Ð ±ÞºÎ»ó
Nov 16th 2016 | SEOUL | Asia
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THE numbers make for grim reading: for the past fortnight Park Geun-hye has been South Korea’s most unloved president ever. Her approval rating stands at 5%; among the young it is nil. As many as 1m people rallied for hours in Seoul, the capital, on November 12th to demand her resignation—the biggest demonstration since 1987, when mass protests against the military regime of the day led to the country’s first democratic elections. Ms Park acknowledged the “seriousness” of the situation, but said she would continue to “fulfil her duty as president”.
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For weeks Ms Park’s conservative administration has been besieged by accusations of influence-peddling involving Choi Soon-sil, a confidante. The president turned to her for advice on state affairs, although she held no official position. South Koreans are incensed by rumours that Ms Choi swayed policy and orchestrated cabinet reshuffles, exploiting her clout to win favours. She has been arrested on suspicion of manipulating conglomerates into funnelling 80bn won ($70m) to two foundations that she controls. Prosecutors have detained two former presidential aides who are thought to have relayed state secrets to her and helped her raise funds.
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Ms Park, who has 15 months remaining of her single five-year term, has apologised twice to the nation, and accepted an investigation into her actions, a first for a sitting South Korean president. Prosecutors want to question her as a witness this week. In other efforts to cool tempers, she fired aides and, in an overture to the opposition, nominated a new prime minister who used to work for Roh Moo-hyun, a liberal former president. But the opposition-dominated parliament refused to approve him. Ms Park was forced to drop him, and is now letting parliament pick a substitute.
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Calls for Ms Park’s departure have only grown. A day after the protest some MPs from her Saenuri party held an emergency meeting to discuss a presidential exit. On November 15th Moon Jae-in, former head of the main opposition Minju party and a presidential hopeful, vowed to run a “nationwide movement to drive Ms Park out”. The two parties, along with a minor opposition group called the People’s Party, this week agreed to set up an investigation by an independent counsel into the allegations of wrongdoing against Ms Choi, in parallel with that of the public prosecutor.
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Ms Park’s political opponents have reason to hesitate: if she quits, a successor must be elected within two months. But the president’s rock-bottom approval rating has not led to clear gains for Minju. It has no consensus candidate, and left-leaning voters might be split among several contenders. Saenuri, meanwhile, has no strong candidate at all, though it probably hopes to woo Ban Ki-moon, a soon-to-be-former UN secretary-general.
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Ms Park could instead defer to the prime minister that parliament picks, committing to sign off on all his decisions. But Ha Tae-kyung, a Saenuri MP, says popular anger is running too high for that. Even a stage-managed resignation, which both main parties would prefer—Ms Park would negotiate a date for her departure, perhaps months down the road—would be too little too late, he says.
´ë½Å ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±¹È¸°¡ ¼±ÃâÇÑ ±¹¹«ÃѸ®¿¡°Ô ¸ðµç °áÁ¤À» ¸Ã±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »õ´©¸®´ç ÇÏÅ°æ ÀÇ¿øÀº ±×·¸°Ô Çϱ⿡´Â ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ºÐ³ë°¡ ³Ê¹« ³ô´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ¿©¾ß ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â Áú¼ ÀÖ´Â ÅðÁø- ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¸î ´Þ ÈÄ°¡ µÉ »çÀÓ ½Ã±â¸¦ ÇùÀÇ-µµ ³Ê¹« ´Ê¾úÀ»Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ÇÏ ÀÇ¿øÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
For a growing number of people, impeachment is the answer. Kim Moo-sung, a former leader of Saenuri, says it is “the only way”. Realmeter, a pollster, says popular support for her resignation or impeachment has risen from 42% to 60% in the past three weeks. Mr Ha, who says few think Ms Park will quit, began to call for impeachment last week. It has been tried only once before, in 2004, when two-thirds of MPs voted to impeach Roh for minor election-law breaches. Such a vote suspends the president from office (the prime minister takes over) and sends him or her for trial before the constitutional court (which dismissed the charges in Roh’s case). Some MPs think an impeachment vote could take place before the year is out. Shin Gi-wook of Stanford University says the option may be especially attractive to MPs because they would be seen to have acted decisively, but would have time to regroup during the six months the court would have to mull its decision.
Á¡Á¡ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÅºÇÙÀÌ ´äÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±è¹«¼º Àü »õ´©¸®´ç ´ëÇ¥´Â źÇÙÀÌ “À¯ÀÏÇÑ Çعý”À̶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·ÐÁ¶»ç ±â°üÀÎ ¸®¾ó¹ÌÅÍ´Â Áö³ 3ÁÖ°£ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ »çÅ𳪠źÇÙ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Âù¼º·üÀÌ 42%¿¡¼ 60%±îÁö »ó½ÂÇß´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ »çÅðÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ´Â °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÇÏ ÀÇ¿øµµ Áö³ÁÖ ÅºÇÙÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ´ëÅë·É źÇÙÀº ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øÀÇ 3ºÐÀÇ 2°¡ »ç¼ÒÇÑ ¼±°Å¹ý À§¹Ý ¶§¹®¿¡ ³ë ´ëÅë·É źÇÙ¿¡ Âù¼ºÇßÀ» ¶§ÀÎ 2004³â¿¡ ´Ü ÇÑ ¹ø ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±¹È¸ źÇÙ¾ÈÀÌ °¡°áµÇ¸é ´ëÅë·ÉÀº Á÷¹«Á¤Áö µÇ°í(±¹¹«ÃѸ®¿¡°Ô À̾ç) Çå¹ýÀçÆǼҿ¡¼ ÀçÆÇÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù(³ë¹«Çö ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ °æ¿ì ±â°¢). ¸î¸î ÀÇ¿øµéÀº źÇÙ¾È ÅõÇ¥°¡ ¿ÃÇØ°¡ °¡±â Àü¿¡ ¼º»çµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÅÄÆÛµå ´ëÇÐÀÇ ½Å±â¿í ±³¼ö´Â źÇÙ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ´ÜÈ£ÇÑ ÇൿÀ¸·Î º¸¿©Áö¸é¼µµ ¹ý¿øÀÌ ÆÇ°áÀ» °í½ÉÇÏ´Â 6°³¿ù µ¿¾È ÀçÁ¤ºñÇÒ ½Ã°£À» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼ źÇÙ ÇعýÀº ƯÈ÷ ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
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