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South Korea Government Accused of Using Defamation Laws to Silence Critics
Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ, ºñÆò°¡µéÀ» ħ¹¬½ÃÅ°·Á ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÁË »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ºñ³­¹Þ¾Æ

   
¡ã Park Sung-su, a political activist, protesting in front of the Supreme Court in Seoul, South Korea, last month. The sign, in Korean, reads, “Bite it off, you dogs of power.” Mr. Park was freed in December after being jailed on charges of defaming the president. JEAN CHUNG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Áö³­´Þ Çѱ¹ ´ë¹ý¿ø ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ§ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Á¤Ä¡ È°µ¿°¡ ¹Ú¼º¼ö ¾¾. ±×°¡ µç ÆÖ¸»¿¡´Â, Çѱ¹¸»·Î “¹°¾î, ±Ç·ÂÀÇ ¸Û¸Û¾Æ”¶ó°í ¾²¿©ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ú ¾¾´Â ´ëÅë·É ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÁ˷Π¡¿ªÀ» »ê ÈÄ Áö³­ 12¿ù¿¡ Ç®·Á³µ´Ù.

By CHOE SANG-HUN
MARCH 5, 2016

SEOUL, South Korea — In late 2014, months after 304 people died in the sinking of a South Korean ferry, a leaflet began circulating with a scurrilous rumor about President Park Geun-hye: that she had failed to respond swiftly to the disaster that day because she was having a romantic encounter with a former aide.
¼­¿ï, Çѱ¹ – Áö³­ 2014³â, Çѱ¹ ¿©°´¼± ħ¸ô·Î 304¸íÀÇ ½Â°´ÀÌ Á×Àº Áö ¼ö°³¿ù ÈÄ, ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼öÄ¡½º·± ·ç¸Ó¸¦ ´ãÀº Àü´ÜÁö°¡ ³ªµ¹±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±×³à°¡ Àü º¸Á°ü°ú ¹Ðȸ¸¦ Áñ±â°í ÀÖ¾ú±â¿¡ ±× Âü»ç¿¡ ºü¸£°Ô ´ëÀÀÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀ̾ú´Ù.

Was Ms. Park, the flier asked, now cracking down on her critics in an attempt to keep that scandal from coming to light?
±× Àü´ÜÁö´Â, ÀÌ ·ç¸Ó°¡ ¼¼»ó¿¡ µå·¯³ª´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇØ ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ºñÆò°¡µéÀ» Áö±Ý ¾öÁß ´Ü¼ÓÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ³Ä°í ¹¯°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

For Park Sung-su, an antigovernment campaigner who had distributed the leaflet — and who is not related to the president (Park is a common surname here) — the consequences soon followed. He was arrested and later sentenced to a year in prison, on charges of defaming the president and staging illegal protests against his prosecutors. He was freed in December after eight months, when a court suspended his sentence.
±× Àü´ÜÁö¸¦ À¯Æ÷ÇÑ ¹ÝÁ¤ºÎ ½ÃÀ§ÀÚÀ̸ç, ´ëÅë·É°ú ģô °ü°è´Â ¾Æ´Ñ ¹Ú ¾¾´Â (¹ÚÀ̶ó´Â ¼º¾¾´Â Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÈçÇÑ ¼º¾¾ÀÌ´Ù) °ð ±× ¿©ÆÄ¿Í ¸Â´Ú¶ß·È´Ù. ±×´Â ±¸¼ÓµÇ¾ú°í, ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ÈѼÕÇÑ ÇøÀÇ¿Í °ËÂû¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ºÒ¹ý ½ÃÀ§¸¦ Çß´Ù´Â Á˸ñÀ¸·Î ¡¿ª 1³âÀ» ¼±°í¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â 8°³¿ù ÈÄÀÎ 12¿ù¿¡ ¹ý¿øÀÇ ÁýÇàÀ¯¿¹ ¼±°í·Î Ç®·Á³µ´Ù.

No evidence supporting the rumor has been produced, and prosecutors said they had investigated and found it groundless. But however dubious the leaflet might have been, opponents of the government say Mr. Park became another victim of the very thing he was denouncing: the government’s use of defamation and other laws to silence its critics, which rights advocates say is on the rise.
±× ·ç¸Ó¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÏ´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Áõ°Åµµ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í, °ËÂûÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ Á¶»çÇÑ °á°ú ±Ù°Å¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× Àü´ÜÀÇ ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¿Í »ó°ü¾øÀÌ, Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¹Ý´ëÀÚµéÀº ¹Ú¼º¼ö ¾¾°¡ ±×°¡ ºñÆÇÇÏ´ø ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í, Áï Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¹Ý´ëÀÚµéÀ» ħ¹¬½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÁË¿Í ±âŸ ¹ýµéÀ» ¾Ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§ÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇÇÇØÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ¸»Çϸç, À뱂 ¿îµ¿°¡µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç·Ê°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´Ã¾î³ª°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

Last year, the United Nations Human Rights Committee warned against South Korea’s “increasing use of criminal defamation laws to prosecute persons who criticize government action.” Freedom House, a rights group based in Washington, criticized “the increased intimidation of political opponents” under Ms. Park, who took office in 2013.
Áö³­ÇØ, À¯¿£ À뱂 À§¿øȸ´Â “Á¤ºÎÀÇ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±â¼ÒÇϱâ À§ÇØ Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¸í¿¹ÈѼչýÀ» Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í”¿¡ ´ëÇØ °æ°íÇß´Ù. ¿ö½ÌÅÏ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÀ» µÐ À뱂 ´ÜüÀÎ ÇÁ¸®´ý ÇϿ콺´Â 2013³â ÃëÀÓÇÑ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÇÏ¿¡¼­ “Á¤Ä¡Àû ¹Ý´ëÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ Çù¹ÚÀÌ Áõ°¡Çß´Ù”°í ºñÆÇÇß´Ù.

“The government is especially sensitive about defending the personal reputation of the president,” said Park Kyung-sin, a professor of law at Korea University who has researched the issue.
“ÀÌ Á¤ºÎ´Â ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ °³ÀÎÀû ¸í¿¹¸¦ ÁöÅ°´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ƯÈ÷ ¹Î°¨ÇÏ´Ù”°í ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿¬±¸Çß´ø ¹Ú°æ½Å °í·Á´ëÇб³ ¹ý´ë ±³¼ö°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

The Constitution guarantees freedom of expression. But defamation laws here carry penalties that include prison — up to three years for comments that are true and up to seven for statements considered false — if they are deemed not in the public interest. Critics say the distinction is vague and opens the door to abuse by prosecutors.
Çå¹ýÀº Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ º¸ÀåÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¸í¿¹ÈѼչýÀº À̵é ÁÖÀåÀÌ °ø°øÀÇ ÀÌÀÍ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °æ¿ì¿¡ ¡¿ªÇü- ±× ³»¿ëÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÎ ÁÖÀå¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÃÖ°í 3³â, ±×¸®°í ³»¿ëÀÌ °ÅÁþÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǴ ÁÖÀå¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÃÖ°í 7³â-À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Ã³¹úÀ» ¹Þ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ºñÆò°¡µéÀº ±× ±¸º°ÀÌ ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ¸ç °ËÂûµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³²¿ëµÉ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ¿­·ÁÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

The government’s use of the laws against critics predates Ms. Park’s presidency. During the five-year tenure of her predecessor, Lee Myung-bak, 30 such cases were filed, 24 of them criminal and six civil, according to People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy, an influential South Korean civic group. But under Ms. Park, the trend increased considerably, with 22 cases filed in her first two and a half years in office, the group said. Of those, 18 were criminal prosecutions.
Á¤ºÎÀÇ ºñÆò°¡µéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀº ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É Áý±Ç ÀÌÀüºÎÅÍ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â ½Ã¹Î ´ÜüÀÎ Âü¿©¿¬´ë¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×³àÀÇ ÀüÀÓÀÚ À̸í¹ÚÀÇ ÀçÀÓ 5³â µ¿¾È 24°ÇÀÇ Çü»ç, 6°ÇÀÇ ¹Î»ç µî 30°ÇÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÌ Á¦±âµÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É Áý±Ç ÀÌÈÄ ÀÌ °æÇâÀº ´«¿¡ ¶ç°Ô Áõ°¡Çؼ­ ±×³àÀÇ ÀÓ±â óÀ½ 2³â ¹Ý µ¿¾È 22°ÇÀÌ Á¦¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù°í Âü¿©¿¬´ë´Â ¸»Çß´Ù. À̵é Áß 18°ÇÀÌ Çü»ç ±â¼Ò¿´´Ù.

“They don’t seem to care whether they win these cases,” the group said in a recent report, noting that the officials often lose in court. “The real purpose is to create a chilling effect among people criticizing and scrutinizing the government.”
Á¤ºÎ °ü°èÀÚµéÀÌ ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¾Á¾ ÆйèÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇÏ¸ç “±×µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç°Çµé¿¡¼­ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÒÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ´Â »ó°üÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µíÇÏ´Ù”°í Âü¿©¿¬´ë´Â ÃÖ±Ù º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù. “±× ÁøÂ¥ ¸ñÀûÀº Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ°í ¸é¹ÐÈ÷ »ìÇÇ´Â »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ °øÆ÷ È¿°ú¸¦ Á¶¼ºÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù”

Ms. Park’s office rejected such criticism, saying all democratic rights were protected.
Charges that her administration was suppressing political rights sprang up almost as soon as Ms. Park — whose father, the military dictator Park Chung-hee, ruledSouth Korea with an iron fist during the 1960s and ’70s — assumed office.
û¿Í´ë´Â ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁÖÀû ±Ç¸®´Â º¸È£µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸ç ÀÌ·± ºñÆÇÀ» ÀÏÃàÇß´Ù. ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É ÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ Á¤Ä¡Àû ±Ç¸®¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ºñ³­Àº °ÅÀÇ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É-1960³â´ë¿Í 70³â´ë¿¡ Çѱ¹À» ö±ÇÅëÄ¡ÇÑ ±º»çµ¶ÀçÀÚ ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ°¡ ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÌ´Ù-ÀÌ Áý±ÇÇÏÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ³ª¿À±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.

In 2013, the National Intelligence Service, a powerful spy agency that her father used to torture and silence dissidents, moved to disband an outspoken progressive party. The agency arrested the party’s leaders on charges of violating the Cold War-era National Security Law, which bans activities deemed pro-North Korean.
¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ¹ÝüÁ¦ÀλçµéÀ» °í¹®ÇÏ°í ħ¹¬½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ÀÌ¿ëÇß´ø °­·ÂÇÑ Á¤º¸±â°üÀÎ ±¹Á¤¿øÀº 2013³â, °Å¸®³¦ ¾øÀÌ ºñÆÇÀ» ÇØ¿À´ø ÇÑ Áøº¸Á¤´çÀ» ÇØüÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±¹Á¤¿øÀº Ä£ºÏÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ¸ðµç È°µ¿À» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â, ³ÃÀü½Ã´ë¹ýÀÎ ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» À§¹ÝÇÑ ÇøÀÇ·Î ÀÌ ´çÀÇ ´ëÇ¥¸¦ üÆ÷Çß´Ù.

Distrust of the spy agency deepened after it was accused of interfering on Ms. Park’s behalf during the 2012 presidential campaign. A former director of the agency, Won Sei-hoon, was convicted of running a team of officers who posted comments online criticizing Ms. Park’s rivals before the election. In 2014, agency employees were convicted of fabricating Chinese immigration documents to concoct a spy case against an ethnic Chinese refugee from North Korea.
±¹Á¤¿ø¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ½ÅÀº ÀÌ ±â°üÀÌ 2012³â ´ë¼± ¼±°ÅÈ°µ¿ ±â°£ Áß ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ´ç¼±À» À§ÇØ °³ÀÔÇß´Ù´Â ÇøÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸ç ´õ¿í ±í¾îÁ³´Ù. Àü ±¹Á¤¿øÀåÀÎ ¿ø¼¼ÈÆÀº ¹Ú±ÙÇý Èĺ¸ÀÇ °æÀïÀÚµéÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ´ñ±ÛÀ» ¿Â¶óÀÎ»ó¿¡ ¿Ã¸®´Â È°µ¿À» Çϵµ·Ï ÆÀÀ» ¿î¿µÇÑ ÇøÀÇ·Î À¯Á˸¦ ¼±°í¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. 2014³â ¸î ¸íÀÇ ±¹Á¤¿ø Á÷¿øµéÀº ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­ ¿Â Á¶¼±Á· ³­¹ÎÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î °£Ã¸»ç°ÇÀ» Á¶ÀÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ Áß±¹ ÃâÀÔ±¹ ¼­·ù¸¦ ³¯Á¶ÇÑ ÇøÀÇ·Î À¯ÁË ÆÇ°áÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

When human rights lawyers and journalists brought those tactics to light in 2013, saying the agency was resorting to old habits of coercion and faking evidence, counterintelligence officials responded by filing defamation cases.
2013³â¿¡ À뱂 º¯È£»çµé°ú ¾ð·ÐÀεéÀÌ ±¹Á¤¿øÀÌ °­¾Ð°ú Áõ°Å Á¶ÀÛ µîÀÇ ±¸½ÀÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù¸ç ±×·¯ÇÑ Ã¥·«µéÀ» Æø·ÎÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ÀÚ, ±¹Á¤¿ø °ü·áµéÀº ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀ» ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÀ¸·Î °í¹ßÇß´Ù.

The government’s use of the defamation laws became a diplomatic issue when Japan complained after the 2014 indictment of Tatsuya Kato, a journalist from the Japanese newspaper Sankei Shimbun, for reporting the rumor about Ms. Park and her former aide.
Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸í¿¹ÈѼչý »ç¿ëÀº 2014³â¿¡ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É°ú Àü º¸Á°ü »çÀÌÀÇ ¼Ò¹®À» º¸µµÇÑ »êÄÉÀÌ ½Å¹®±âÀÚ Å¸Ã÷¾ß Ä«Åä ¾¾°¡ ±â¼ÒµÈ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀϺ»ÀÌ Ç×ÀÇÇϸ鼭 ¿Ü±³Àû ¹®Á¦·Î±îÁö ºÒ°ÅÁ³´Ù.

An opposition lawmaker, Park Jie-won, said the indictment had embarrassed the country. “It’s prosecutors who should be indicted for defaming South Korea,” he said.
¾ß´ç ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øÀÎ ¹ÚÁö¿ø ¾¾´Â ±× ±â¼Ò»ç°ÇÀÌ ¿Â ³ª¶ó¸¦ ºÎ²ô·´°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù°í Çϸç, “Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¸í¿¹¸¦ ÈѼÕÇÑ ÇøÀÇ·Î ±× °Ë»çµéÀÌ ±â¼ÒµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù”°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Mr. Kato was acquitted in December. But Mr. Park, the lawmaker, has been charged with defamation after airing suspicions that the former aide and others close to the president had arranged for favored officials to be promoted. Presidential aides sued six journalists from a South Korean newspaper for reporting similar allegations, which Ms. Park’s office denied.
°¡Åä ¾¾´Â 12¿ù¿¡ ¹«Á˸¦ ¼±°í¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹ÚÁö¿ø ÀÇ¿øÀº Àü º¸Á°ü°ú ´ëÅë·É Ãø±ÙµéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷À» Áø±Þ½ÃÅ°´Â ÀÏ¿¡ °ü¿©Çß´Ù´Â ÀÇȤÀ» ¹æ¼Û¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ÈÄ ¸í¿¹ÈÑ¼Õ ÇøÀÇ·Î ±â¼ÒµÆ´Ù. ´ëÅë·É Ãø±ÙÀº ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀ» ÇÑ 6¸íÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¾ð·ÐÀεéÀ» °í¼ÒÇß°í û¿Í´ë´Â ±× ÀÇȤÀ» ºÎÀÎÇß´Ù.

Besides the defamation laws, the government’s use of the National Security Law has long been seen by international human rights groups, as well as the United States State Department, as a threat to free speech. Since 2014, a Chinese student and a Korean-American lecturer have been deported for comments seen as sympathetic to North Korea. Longstanding fears of the North, especially among conservatives, have stymied efforts to repeal or revise the law.
¸í¿¹ÈѼչý ¿Ü¿¡µµ Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ý »ç¿ëÀº ¹Ì ±¹¹«ºÎ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±¹Á¦ ÀαǴÜü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¾ð·Ð ÀÚÀ¯¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÇùÀ¸·Î ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¿©°ÜÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. 2014³â ÀÌÈÄ ÇÑ Áß±¹ Çлý°ú Çѱ¹°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ °­»ç°¡ ºÏÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇØ µ¿Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁö´Â ±Û·Î ¾´ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ Ãß¹æ´çÇß´Ù. ƯÈ÷ º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ºÏÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿À·¡µÈ µÎ·Á¿òÀº ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ýÀ» °³Á¤Çϰųª ÆóÁöÇÏ·Á´Â ³ë·ÂÀ» ÁÂÀý½ÃÄ×´Ù.

Attempts to amend the defamation laws have also been unsuccessful. Last month, the Constitutional Court struck down a proposal to ban defamation charges in cases where the supposedly defamatory comment circulated online is true. Bills that would bar government officials from filing defamation cases have stalled in Parliament.
¸í¿¹ÈѼչýÀ» °³Á¤ÇÏ·Á´Â ½Ãµµ ¶ÇÇÑ ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù. Áö³­´Þ Çå¹ýÀçÆǼҴ ¿Â¶óÀÎ»ó¿¡ À¯Æ÷µÇ´Â ±ÛÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÎ °æ¿ì ¸í¿¹ÈÑ¼Õ ÇøÀǸ¦ ±ÝÇÏÀÚ´Â Á¦¾ÈÀ» ±â°¢Çß´Ù. Á¤ºÎ °ü·á°¡ ¸í¿¹ÈÑ¼Õ »ç°ÇÀ» Á¦±âÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±ÝÇÏ´Â ¹ý¾ÈÀº ±¹È¸¿¡¼­ °è·ùÁß¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

Ms. Park’s governing party has pushed what it calls antiterrorism legislation through Parliament after her office warned of possible terrorist attacks from North Korea in the wake of the North’s recent nuclear test. Opposition lawmakers say the bill would give the National Intelligence Service, which has a history of illegally wiretapping politicians, journalists and others, more power to monitor not just terrorism suspects but also government critics, particularly online.
¿©´çÀº ÃÖ±Ù ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙ ½ÇÇè ¿©ÆÄ·Î ºÏÇÑÀÇ Å×·¯ °¡´É¼ºÀ» °æ°íÇϸç Å×·¯ ¹æÁö¹ýÀÇ ÀÇȸ Åë°ú¸¦ ¹Ð¾î ºÙ¿´´Ù. ¾ß´ç ÀÇ¿øµéÀº ÀÌ ¹ý¾ÈÀÌ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎ, ¾ð·ÐÀÎ, ±×¸®°í ±×¿Ü »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÒ¹ý µµÃ» Àü·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ±¹Á¤¿ø¿¡ Å×·¯ ÀǽÉÀÚ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ƯÈ÷ ¿Â¶óÀλóÀÇ Á¤ºÎ ºñÆÇÀÚµéÀ» °¨½ÃÇÒ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±ÇÇÑÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

“I can never support this attempt to place a dog collar on the people,” Eun Soo-mi, an opposition lawmaker who was once tortured by the spy agency, said during a 10-hour filibuster against the bill, which was approved but has not yet become law. (Thirty-eight opposition lawmakers, some referring to Big Brother, from George Orwell’s novel “1984,” filibustered against the bill in a series of speeches for a record eight days.)
“³ª´Â ±¹¹Îµé¿¡°Ô °³¸ñ°ÉÀ̸¦ ä¿ì·Á´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½Ãµµ¿¡ °áÄÚ µ¿ÀÇ ÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù”¸ç °ú°Å Á¤º¸ ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °í¹®À» ´çÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Â ¾ß´çÀÇ Àº¼ö¹Ì ÀÇ¿øÀÌ, °á±¹ Åë°úµÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¤½Ä ¹ýÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÌ ¹ý¾È¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÁøÇàÇÑ 10½Ã°£ÀÇ Çʸ®¹ö½ºÅÍ¿¡¼­ ¸»Çß´Ù.(38¸í ¾ß´ç ÀÇ¿øµéÀº Á¶Áö ¿ÀÀ£ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³ “1984³â”ÀÇ ºòºê¶ó´õ¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇϱ⵵ Çϸç, ÀÌ ¹ý¾È¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ 8ÀÏ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ ±â·ÏÀûÀÎ Çʸ®¹ö½ºÅ͸¦ ÁøÇàÇß´Ù.)

The government’s policing of the Internet, a popular channel for antigovernment grievances, was already an issue under Ms. Park. In 2014, after months of withering criticism about how she had handled the ferry disaster, Ms. Park warned that some of it had gone “too far.” Prosecutors soon announced a crackdown on “false or defamatory data in cyberspace.”
¹ÝÁ¤ºÎÀû ºÒ¸¸À» ³íÇÏ´Â Àαâ Àִ â±¸ÀÎ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ´ëÇÑ Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±ÔÁ¦´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÈ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 2014³â ¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ´ëó ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Åë·ÄÇÑ ºñÆÇÀÌ ¸î ´Þ°£ Áö¼ÓµÈ ÈÄ, ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÀϺΠºñÆÇÀÌ “µµ¸¦ ³Ñ¾ú´Ù”°í °æ°íÇß´Ù. °ð¹Ù·Î °ËÂûÀº “»çÀ̹ö °ø°£¿¡¼­ÀÇ °ÅÁþ ȤÀº ¸í¿¹ÈѼÕÀûÀÎ ±Û”¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾öÁßÈ÷ ´Ü¼ÓÇÏ°Ú´Ù”°í ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.

Kakao Talk, a popular smartphone-based messenger service, then admitted that it had been cooperating with the police and prosecutors to collect the online chat records of thousands of users, including antigovernment demonstrators. Last month, a court ruled in favor of one of those protesters, concluding that the inspection of her records was unlawful because it had been conducted without her knowledge.
ÀαâÀÖ´Â ½º¸¶Æ®Æù ¸Þ½ÅÀúÀÎ ¼­ºñ½ºÀÎ Ä«Ä«¿À ÅåÀº °æÂû°ú °ËÂûÀÌ ¹Ý Á¤ºÎ½ÃÀ§ÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼öõ ¸í »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÇ ¿Â¶óÀÎ ´ëÈ­±â·ÏÀ» ¼öÁýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇùÁ¶ÇØ¿ÔÀ½À» ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù. Áö³­´Þ ¹ý¿øÀº ´ç»çÀÚ°¡ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ±â·ÏÀ» Á¶»çÇÑ °ÍÀº ºÒ¹ýÀ̶ó°í °á·Ð ³»¸®¸é¼­ ±× ½ÃÀ§ÀÚµé Áß ÇÑ ¸í¿¡°Ô ½Â¼Ò ÆÇ°áÀ» ³»·È´Ù.

Such rulings aside, critics argue that South Korean prosecutors and judges have largely failed to protect the public’s rights, often because they want to earn the favor of politicians who can promote them.
±×·¯ÇÑ ÆÇ°áµéÀº ¿¹¿Ü·Î ÇÏ°í, ºñÆò°¡µéÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ °Ë»çµé°ú ÆÇ»çµéÀº Á¾Á¾ ÀڽŵéÀ» ½ÂÁø½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¤Ä¡ÀεéÀÇ È£ÀǸ¦ ¹Þ°í ½ÍÀº ³ª¸ÓÁö ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡´Â Å©°Ô ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.

“People are lamenting that there are no watchdogs, but only dogs,” Kwon Seok-cheon, a columnist for the newspaper JoongAng Ilbo, recently wrote.
ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Áß¾ÓÀϺ¸ÀÇ ±Ç¼®Ãµ Ä®·³¸®½ºÆ®´Â “»ç¶÷µéÀº ¿öÄ¡µµ±×(°¨½Ã°ß)´Â ¾ø°í ±×³É °³µé¸¸ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÓÀ» °³ÅºÇÑ´Ù”°í ½è´Ù.

Park Sung-su, the activist who spread the rumor about the president and her former aide, made use of the same metaphor after police officers raided his home. He called them “running dogs for the government,” later throwing dog food at the gates of police stations. In April, he was arrested on the charge of staging an illegal rally and then interrogated after he and several other activists had shouted, “Bow wow!” in front of a prosecutors’ office.
¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·É°ú Àü º¸Á°ü¿¡ °üÇÑ ·ç¸Ó¸¦ ÆÛÆ®¸° È°µ¿°¡ ¹Ú¼º¼ö ¾¾´Â °æÂûµéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÁýÀ» ±Þ½ÀÇÑ ÈÄ °°Àº ºñÀ¯¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. ±×´Â °æÂûµéÀ» “¸ÍÁ¾ÇÏ´Â Á¤ºÎÀÇ °³”¶ó°í ºÒ·¶°í ÈÄ¿¡ ±×´Â °æÂû¼­ ÀÔ±¸¿¡ °³ »ç·á¸¦ »Ñ·È´Ù. 4¿ù¿¡ ±×´Â ºÒ¹ý Áýȸ¸¦ ÇÑ ÇøÀǷΠüÆ÷µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ±× ÈÄ¿¡´Â ±×¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸î¸î È°µ¿°¡µéÀÌ °ËÂûû ¾Õ¿¡¼­ “¸Û¸Û!”À̶ó°í ¿ÜÄ£ ÈÄ Á¶»ç¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

“They kept asking me what was the political meaning of ‘bow wow,’ ” he said.
“°æÂûÀº ³ª¿¡°Ô °è¼Ó ‘¸Û¸Û’ÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû Àǹ̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¹°¾ú´Ù”°í ¹Ú ¾¾´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.

 

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