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¹ø¿ª °¨¼ö : elisabeth

The Sewol ferry disaster and its impact on South Korean society July 04, 2014
¼¼¿ùÈ£ ¿©°´¼± Âü»ç¿Í ±×°ÍÀÌ Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ

Lee Hong-chun
ÀÌȫõ

Assistant professor at Keio University’s Faculty of Policy Management
°ÔÀÌ¿À´ëÇÐ Á¾ÇÕÁ¤Ã¥ÇкΠÁ¶±³¼ö

Born in South Korea in 1968, Lee Hong-chun is an assistant professor at Keio University’s Faculty of Policy Management. Lee served as vice director of the Journalists Association of Korea’s editorial office and earned his Ph.D. in political media from Keio University. He is an expert on political communication and media perceptions of Japan’s and South Korea’s relationship. He is also well-versed in election campaigns that run online and through social networking services.
1968³â Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ Ãâ»ýÇÑ ÀÌȫõÀº ÇöÀç °ÔÀÌ¿À´ëÇб³ Á¾ÇÕÁ¤Ã¥ÇкΠÁ¶±³¼ö´Ù. ÀÌ ¾¾´Â Çѱ¹±âÀÚÇùȸº¸ Â÷ÀåÀ» °ÅÃÄ °ÔÀÌ¿À´ëÇп¡¼­ Á¤Ã¥¹Ìµð¾î ¹Ú»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ÇÑÀÏ°ü°è¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Á¤Ä¡ Ä¿¹Â´ÏÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ¹× ¹Ìµð¾î ÀÎ½Ä ºÐ¾ßÀÇ Àü¹®°¡´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿Â¶óÀΰú SNS¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¼±°Å¿îµ¿¿¡µµ Á¤ÅëÇÏ´Ù.

The Sewol ferry disaster on April 16 that left more than 300 people dead or missing has much in common with another ferry sinking, also in South Korea, that claimed 292 lives in 1993.
300¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¸ÁÀÚ È¤Àº ½ÇÁ¾ÀÚ¸¦ ³²±ä 4¿ù 16ÀÏÀÇ ¼¼¿ùÈ£ ¿©°´¼± Âü»ç´Â 1993³â 292¸íÀÌ Èñ»ýµÈ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Çѱ¹ ¿©°´¼± ħ¸ô »ç°í¿Í ¸¹Àº ¸é¿¡¼­ ´à¾ÆÀÖ´Ù.

Negligence with regard to safety was the central issue in both incidents.
µÎ °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ ÇÙ½É ÀïÁ¡Àº ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å¸¸À̾ú´Ù.

For a country as developed as South Korea, these were unimaginable events.
Çѱ¹Ã³·³ ¹ßÀüÇÑ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ À̰͵éÀº »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â »ç°ÇµéÀ̾ú´Ù.

The shock over the Sewol tragedy is so great that all others pale in comparison.
¼¼¿ùÈ£ Âü»çÀÇ Ãæ°ÝÀÌ ³Ê¹« Ä¿¼­ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °Íµé°úÀÇ ºñ±³°¡ ¹«»öÇÏ´Ù.

Many of those who died on the Sewol were second-year high school students on a school trip. The tragedy played out on national television, from the time the ferry found itself in trouble until it disappeared beneath the waves.
¼¼¿ùÈ£¿¡¼­ »ç¸ÁÇÑ ¸¹Àº À̵éÀº ¼öÇп©Çà ÁßÀÎ °íµîÇб³ 2Çгâ ÇлýµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Âü»ç´Â ¿©°´¼±ÀÌ °ï°æ¿¡ óÇßÀ½À» ÀÎÁöÇßÀ» ¶§ºÎÅÍ ¹Ù´Ù ¹ØÀ¸·Î »ç¶óÁú ¶§±îÁö Àü±¹ ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü¿¡ ¹æ¼ÛµÇ¾ú´Ù.

Many people in South Korea could not believe that rescue efforts so close to the coastline could prove so futile.
Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀº Çؾȿ¡¼­ ±×·¸°Ô °¡±î¿î °÷¿¡¼­ÀÇ ±¸Á¶ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ Çã»ç·Î µ¹¾Æ°£ °ÍÀ» ¹ÏÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

Television footage showed the captain and his crew members being the first to abandon ship with no regard to trying to save lives.
ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü µ¿¿µ»óÀº ¼±Àå°ú ¼±¹ÚÁ÷ ½Â¹«¿øµéÀÌ ÀÎ¸í±¸Á¶ ½Ãµµ´Â ÀüÇô ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ä óÀ½À¸·Î ¿©°´¼±À» ¹ö¸®´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

Some of the children who perished sent images over their mobile phones while they waited in their cabins to be rescued, having been told repeatedly to stay where they were.
¸ñ¼ûÀ» ÀÒÀº ¾ÆÀ̵é Áß ÀϺδ ÀÖ´ø ÀÚ¸®¿¡ °¡¸¸È÷ ÀÖÀ¸¶ó°í ¹Ýº¹ÀûÀÎ Áö½Ã¸¦ ¹Þ°í °´½Ç¿¡¼­ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®´Â µ¿¾È ÇÚµåÆùÀ¸·Î »çÁøÀ» º¸³Â´Ù.

Adding to the shock was the revelation that some children learned the vessel was sinking after accessing social networking services and sent final messages to their families.
Ãæ°ÝÀ» °¡Áß½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀº ÀϺΠ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ¼±¹ÚÀÌ Ä§¸ô ÁßÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» SNS¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇØ ¾Ë°í ±×µéÀÇ °¡Á·¿¡°Ô ¸¶Áö¸· ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ µå·¯³­ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Media reports later calculated that the passengers had a 91-minute window to make good their escape.
¾ð·ÐÀº ±× ÈÄ ½Â°´µéÀÌ Å»Ãâ¿¡ ¼º°øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø 91ºÐÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í °è»êÇÏ¿´´Ù.

After the tragedy, it felt as if South Korean society had been sucked into a black hole. The irresponsible actions of the captain and the crew, along with the government’s confused response, clearly cost more lives.
ÀÌ Âü»ç ÈÄ, Çѱ¹ »çȸ´Â ºí·¢È¦¿¡ ºüÁ®µé¾î°£ °Í °°ÀÌ ´À²¸Á³´Ù. Á¤ºÎÀÇ È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î ´ëÀÀ°ú ÇÔ²² ¼±Àå°ú ¼±¿øÀÇ ¹«Ã¥ÀÓÇÑ ÇൿÀÌ ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ´õ ¸¹Àº »ý¸íÀ» Èñ»ý½ÃÄ×´Ù.

One government official had no qualms about posing for a photo with bereaved family members in the backgroud, while a minister in President Park Geun-hye’s Cabinet came under fire for making insensitive remarks toward families that had lost loved ones.
ÇÑ °øÁ÷ÀÚ´Â À¯°¡Á·µéÀ» ¹è°æ¿¡ µÎ°í »çÁøÀ» Âï±â À§ÇØ Æ÷Á ÃëÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¾Æ¹«·± ¾ç½ÉÀÇ °¡Ã¥ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú°í, ÇÑÆí ¹Ú±ÙÇý ³»°¢ÀÇ ÇÑ Àå°üÀº »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â À̵éÀ» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° °¡Á·µéÀ» ÇâÇØ Áö°¢¾ø´Â ¹ß¾ðÀ» Çؼ­ ºñ³­À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù

There were also biased reports in the media that sought only to play up Park’s efforts at consolation. She issued statements that hurt the feelings of the bereaved as well as other citizens in general.
¶ÇÇÑ ¹Ú±ÙÇýÀÇ À§·Î¸¦ ºÎ°¢½ÃÅ°·Á´Â ¾ð·ÐÀÇ ÆíÇâµÈ º¸µµµéµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇý´Â ÀÏ¹Ý ½Ã¹Îµé »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó À¯°¡Á·µéÀÇ °¨Á¤À» ÇØÄ¡´Â ¼º¸í¼­µéÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.

Famous musicians canceled concerts. The nation’s mood was grim, and it appeared that South Koreans had lost confidence in themselves.
À¯¸íÇÑ À½¾Ç°¡µéÀº Äܼ­Æ®¸¦ Ãë¼ÒÇß´Ù. ³ª¶óÀÇ ºÐÀ§±â´Â ¾Ï¿ïÇßÀ¸¸ç, Çѱ¹ÀεéÀº ÀÚÁ¸°¨À» »ó½ÇÇÑ µí º¸¿´´Ù.

The thinking boiled down to this: Surely South Korea was an advanced country with its high level of industrialization and democracy? Yet, the ferry disaster showed that our society is still full of problems, and children paid the price with their lives.
±× »ý°¢Àº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿ä¾àµÈ´Ù: °ú¿¬ Çѱ¹Àº ³ôÀº ¼öÁØÀÇ »ê¾÷È­¿Í ¹ÎÁÖÈ­¸¦ ÀÌ·èÇÑ ¼±Áø±¹À̾ú³ª? ±×·±µ¥ ¿©°´¼± Âü»ç´Â ¿ì¸® »çȸ°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¹®Á¦µé·Î °¡µæ Â÷ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °É º¸¿©Áá°í ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ¸ñ¼ûÀ¸·Î ±× ´ë°¡¸¦ Ä¡·¶´Ù

That sentiment spilled over into criticism toward Park. Within 24 hours of the tragedy, she visited bereaved family members, and her approval rating rose to 71 percent. But before a month had passed, it was down to 48 percent.
±×·¯ÇÑ Á¤¼­´Â ¹Ú±ÙÇý¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ºñ³­À¸·Î Æı޵Ǿú´Ù. ±× ºñ±ØÀÇ 24½Ã°£ ¾È¿¡ ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ À¯°¡Á·µéÀ» ¹æ¹®Çß°í ±×³àÀÇ ÁöÁöÀ²Àº 71% ±îÁö ¿Ã¶ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÇÑ´ÞÀÌ Áö³ª±âµµ Àü¿¡ ÁöÁöÀ²Àº 48% ·Î °ïµÎ¹ÚÁú ÃÆ´Ù.

This was mostly due to the inability to prevent the accident and anger over the inept response, even though the Park administration had made citizen safety and safeguarding lives top policy issues.
ÁöÁöÀ² Ç϶ôÀº, ¹Ú±ÙÇý Á¤±ÇÀÌ ±¹¹Î ¾ÈÀü°ú »ý¸íº¸È£¸¦ ÃÖ¿ì¼± Á¤Ã¥ »ç¾ÈÀ¸·Î µÎ¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, »ç°í¸¦ ¸·Áö ¸øÇÑ ¹«´É°ú ÇüÆí¾ø´Â ´ëÀÀ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ³ë°¡ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀÌ´Ù.

AS A PARENT OF THE NATION
±¹°¡ÀÇ ºÎ¸ð·Î¼­

The Confucian concept of “gunsabu-ilche” (trinity of the king, teacher and father) that is deeply ingrained in South Korean society also figured in the aftermath of the tragedy. This is because Koreans regard the president as the father or mother of the people.
Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡ »Ñ¸®±í°Ô ¹ÚÇôÀÖ´Â “±º»çºÎÀÏü”¶ó´Â À¯±³Àû °ü³ä (¿Õ°ú ½º½Â°ú ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ »ïÀ§ÀÏü) ¶ÇÇÑ ±× Âü»çÀÇ ¿©ÆÄ·Î µå·¯³µ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çѱ¹ÀεéÀÌ ´ëÅë·ÉÀ» ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö³ª ¾î¸Ó´Ï·Î ¿©±â±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

This symbolism came to the fore when Park went to console families, and one parent screamed, “Isn’t my child also the president’s child?!”
¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ °¡Á·µéÀ» À§·ÎÇÏ·¯ °¬À» ¶§, ÇÑ Çкθ𰡠“Á¦ ¾ÆÀÌ´Â ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¾ÆÀÌÀ̱⵵ ÇÑ °Í ¾Æ´Õ´Ï±î?”¶ó°í ¿ÜÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ó¡¼ºÀÌ µå·¯³­ Ç¥ÇöÀ̾ú´Ù.

The president ordered a robust response to the accident, but rather than improving the situation, the authorities placed the families under surveillance and viewed memory cards from the mobile phones of dead high school students without parental consent.
The families sought an audience with Park and began calling for a greater accountability for the accident.
´ëÅë·ÉÀº »ç°í¿¡ ´Ü´ÜÈ÷ ´ëóÇ϶ó°í Áö½ÃÇßÀ¸³ª, °ü°è´ç±¹ÀÚµéÀº »óȲÀ» °³¼±½ÃÅ°±âº¸´Ù À¯°¡Á·µéÀ» °¨½ÃÇÏ°í, »ç¸ÁÇÑ °íµîÇлýµéÀÇ ÇÚµåÆù ¸Þ¸ð¸®Ä«µå¸¦ ºÎ¸ðµ¿Àǵµ ¾øÀÌ ¿­¾î º¸¾Ò´Ù. °¡Á·µéÀº ¹Ú´ëÅë·É°úÀÇ ¸é´ãÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß°í »ç°í¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº Ã¥ÀÓÀ» °¡Á®ÁÙ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.

In its rush to become a modern economic power, South Korea seems to have placed excessive emphasis on speed while ignoring basic rules about safety.
Çѱ¹Àº ¼­µÑ·¯ Çö´ë °æÁ¦´ë±¹ÀÌ µÇ±â À§ÇØ, ¾ÈÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±âº» ¿øÄ¢µéÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¼Óµµ¸¸À» ±Ø´ÜÀûÀ¸·Î °­Á¶ÇØ ¿Â °Í °°´Ù.

A number of appalling accidents involving public spaces have occurred in recent years: the Seongsu Bridge collapse that killed 32 people in 1994, and the Sampoong Department Store collapse that claimed more than 500 lives in 1995.
ÃÖ±Ù ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È °ø°øÀå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¼ö¸¹Àº ²ûÂïÇÑ »ç°íµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù: 1994³â 32¸íÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÑ ¼º¼ö´ë±³ ºØ±«¿Í 1995³â 500¸í ÀÌ»óÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÑ »ïdz¹éÈ­Á¡ ºØ±« »ç°í µî.

On May 2, not long after the Sewol sinking, trains collided in the Seoul subway, injuring 240 people.
¼¼¿ùÈ£ ħ¸ôÀÌ ÀÖÀº Áö ¾ó¸¶ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº 5¿ù 2ÀÏ¿¡, ¼­¿ï ÁöÇÏö¿¡¼­ ¿­Â÷°¡ Ãæµ¹Çß°í, 240¸íÀÌ ´ÙÃÆ´Ù.

I am appalled that the accident resulted from a decision to ignore problems indicated earlier by an inspection and continue to operate the trains.
±× »ç°í°¡ ÀÌÀü Á¡°ËÀ¸·Î ÁöÀûµÈ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ¿­Â÷¸¦ °è¼Ó ¿îÇàÇϱâ·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ µ¥¼­ ºñ·ÔµÈ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ °æ¾ÇÀ» ±ÝÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

Conservative administrations take positions favorable to large companies, push forward with deregulation and focus on economic growth. Even though Park herself spoke loudly in favor of reforms after the accident, resistance from powerful vested interests–companies, politicians and the bureaucracy–runs deep.
º¸¼öÆÄ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ´ë±â¾÷¿¡ ¿ìÈ£ÀûÀÎ ÀÚ¼¼¸¦ ÃëÇÏ°í ±ÔÁ¦ ¿ÏÈ­¸¦ ÃßÁøÇÏ°í °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀå¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃá´Ù. ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ »ç°í ÈÄ °³ÇõÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¼Ò¸® ³ô¿© ¿ÜÄ¡°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ±â¾÷µé, Á¤Ä¡°¡µé, ±×¸®°í °ü·áÁý´Ü°ú °°Àº °­·ÂÇÑ ±âµæ±ÇÃþÀÇ ÀúÇ×ÀÌ ¸¸¸¸Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù.

I am deeply skeptical about how far reforms will take root.
³ª´Â °³ÇõÀÌ ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­ »Ñ¸®¸¦ ³»¸± °ÍÀÎÁö ¸Å¿ì ȸÀÇÀûÀÌ´Ù.

 

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