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South Korea to replace all school history books with single state-approved textbook
Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ, °í±³ ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼¸¦ ´ÜÀÏ ±¹Á¤±³°ú¼·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Ù
The World Today By Mandie Sami
Updated about 8 hours agoTue 13 Oct 2015, 2:59pm
South Korea’s government has announced a controversial plan to replace a variety of history books with a single textbook approved by the state.
Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼µéÀ» ´ÜÀÏ ±¹Á¤±³°ú¼·Î ´ëüÇÑ´Ù´Â, ³í¶õ ¸¹Àº °èȹÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù.
Currently high schools can choose from books released by eight different publishing companies, but the government said those were all too left-wing.
ÇöÀç °íµîÇб³´Â 8°³ÀÇ ÃâÆǻ簡 ¹ßÇàÇÑ ±³°ú¼ Áß¿¡¼ ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸³ª Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÌµé ±³°ú¼°¡ ¸ðµÎ ÁÂÆíÇâÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
By 2017, The Correct History Textbook will be the only history book allowed in South Korea’s high schools.
2017³âÀÌ¸é ‘¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼’°¡ Çѱ¹ °íµîÇб³¿¡¼ Çã¿ëµÉ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
It will be written by a government-appointed panel of history teachers and academics.
ÀÌ ±³°ú¼´Â Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼ Àμ±ÇÏ´Â ÀÏ´ÜÀÇ ¿ª»ç ±³»ç¿Í ¿ª»çÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ÁýÇ浃 °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Opposition politicians and some students have already been protesting against the move, accusing the government of “distorting history”.
¾ß´ç Á¤Ä¡Àεé°ú ÀϺΠÇлýµéÀº Á¤ºÎ°¡ “¿ª»ç¸¦ ¿Ö°î”ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸ç ÀÌ¹Ì ÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇØ¿Ô´Ù.
Dr Emma Campbell, a visiting fellow at the Australian National University’s Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, said the move was unexpected and disappointing.
È£ÁÖ ±¹¸³´ëÇÐ Àü·«°ú ±¹¹æ ¿¬±¸¼¾ÅÍ °´¿ø ¿¬±¸¿øÀÎ ¿¥¸¶ Ä·º§ ¹Ú»ç´Â ±×·¯ÇÑ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº ¶æ¹ÛÀÌ°í ½Ç¸Á½º·´´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
“I think I’m joined by quite a lot of people in South Korea who think it’s quite a regressive move, especially when you look at the few countries who have such tight control of the textbooks, which include North Korea,” she said.
“³ª´Â ƯÈ÷ ºÏÇÑÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ±³°ú¼¸¦ ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¸î¸î ³ª¶óµéÀ» º¼ ¶§ ±×°ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÅðÇàÀûÀÎ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ̶ó°í º¸´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ³ª¿Í ¶æÀ» °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù”°í ±×³à´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
“So I think it’s a disappointing and surprising move by a country that really should be encouraging diversity and democracy and freedom of speech.”
“±×·¡¼ ³ª´Â ´Ù¾ç¼º°ú ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ, ±×¸®°í Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °í¹«½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÒ ³ª¶ó°¡ ÀÌ·± ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ½Ç¸Á½º·´°í Àǿܶó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.”
Dr Campbell said she believed the move to control how history is taught was related to domestic political issues in South Korea.
Ä·º§ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ª»ç¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¥ °ÍÀÎÁö ±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á´Â ÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀº Çѱ¹ ±¹³» Á¤Ä¡Àû ¹®Á¦µé°ú ¿¬°üµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î º»´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
“The current government is from the right and its leader and Korea’s current president is Park Geun-hye, who is the daughter of the former authoritarian dictator of South Korea Park Chung-hee, and many people in her party and in the current government have ties to the previous authoritarian regime that ran Korea until 1987,” she said.
“Çö Á¤ºÎ´Â ¿ìÀÍÀÌ°í, ±× ¼ö¹ÝÀÌÀÚ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÇöÁ÷ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÎ »ç¶÷Àº Àü µ¶ÀçÀÚ ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ µþ ¹Ú±ÙÇýÀÌ¸ç ±×³à°¡ À̲ô´Â Á¤´ç°ú Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ 1987³â±îÁö Çѱ¹À» ÅëÄ¡ÇÑ µ¶Àç Á¤±Ç°ú ±íÀº °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î°í ÀÖ´Ù”°í Ä·º§ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
“And I think there is a desire within the right wing government to control the presentation of that history in order to perhaps reflect more positively on the achievements during that time and also their role and the role of their party in that history.”
“±×¸®°í ÀÌ º¸¼ö Á¤±Ç ³»ºÎ¿¡´Â ±× ½Ã´ëÀÇ ¼º°ú¿Í ¶ÇÇÑ ´ç½Ã ¿ª»ç ¼Ó¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ, ±×¸®°í ÀÚ±â³× Á¤´çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ º¸´Ù ±àÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ý¿µµÇµµ·Ï ´ç½Ã ¿ª»ç°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¿©Áö´ÂÁö¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¿å±¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.”
Dr Campbell said the textbook could bolster opposition and anger toward an already unpopular government.
Ä·º§ ¹Ú»ç´Â ±× ¿ª»ç±³°ú¼´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ´ëÁßÀû Àα⸦ ÀÒÀº Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹Ý´ë¿Í ºÐ³ë¸¦ ´õ¿í ºÎÃß±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
“It will be interesting to see how the government responds to that strength of opposition,” she said.
“Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±×·± °ÇÑ ¹Ý´ë¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëÀÀÇÏ´ÂÁö ÁöÄѺ¸´Â °Íµµ Èï¹Ì·Î¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù”°í Ä·º§ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
“One hopes that it will encourage them to review their decision about creating one single textbook.”
“´ÜÀÏ ±³°ú¼¸¦ ¸¸µé°Ú´Ù´Â °áÁ¤À» ±×·Î ÀÎÇØ Àç°íÇÏ°Ô µÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.”
South Korea not the first to control how history is taught
Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¿ª»ç ±³À°À» ÅëÁ¦ÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ³ª¶ó´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
Educationalist Michael Dunn told the BBC South Korea was not alone, with school history lessons causing controversy in Western countries like the United States and United Kingdom.
±³À°ÇÐÀÚ ¸¶ÀÌŬ ´øÀº Çѱ¹ÀÌ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ³ª¶ó°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¹Ì±¹À̳ª ¿µ±¹ °°Àº ¼¹æ ±¹°¡µé¿¡¼µµ Çб³ ¿ª»ç¼ö¾÷ÀÌ ³í¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇß´Ù°í BBC¿ÍÀÇ ÀÎÅͺ信¼ ¸»Çß´Ù.
“I think the Americans have a constant running battle between liberals and more conservatives about how they should present their past,” he said.
“¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ÀڽŵéÀÇ °ú°Å¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¿©ÁÙÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé°ú ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ÀüÀïÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ³ª´Â »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù”°í ±×´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
“One side would like to present a glorious history of the American past – in their view this makes the country a happier place.
“ÇÑÂÊ¿¡¼´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¿µ±¤½º·¯¿î °ú°Å ¿ª»ç¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ½Í¾î Çϸç, ±×µéÀÌ º¸±â¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¹Ì±¹À» º¸´Ù ÇູÇÑ °÷À¸·Î ¸¸µç´Ù.”
“On the other hand, the liberals in the United States are much keener to present perhaps a more social view of the past and give a voice to people who have been oppressed.
“ÇÑÆí ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Áøº¸ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀº °ú°Å¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸´Ù »çȸÀû ½Ã°¢À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ÈξÀ ´õ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̵éÀº ¾ï¾ÐÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¿Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÈûÀ» ½Ç¾îÁØ´Ù.”
“I think also the UK have a very interesting approach. We tend to avoid controversial history in our curriculum, we’re very keen on looking at more distant history and somehow, for some reason the less controversial it becomes.
“¿µ±¹ ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î Á¢±ÙÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ³ª´Â º»´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ±³À°°úÁ¤¿¡¼ ³í¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¿ª»ç¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¸Õ °ú°ÅÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ º¸´Â µ¥¿¡ ÁßÁ¡À» µÎ¸ç, ±×·¸°Ô Çؼ ¾î·µç, ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼°Ç ³í¶õÀº ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù.”
“But there are very few younger students in our school who will be able to tell you about British involvement in, for example, the Iranian coup d’état or how we handled the Suez crisis which was certainly not the most glorious points in our history.”
“±×·¯³ª Áö±Ý ¿ì¸® Çб³¿¡, ¿µ±¹ÀÌ °ü¿©ÇÑ, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, À̶õ Äíµ¥Å¸¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ȤÀº ¿µ±¹ ¿ª»ç»ó Àý´ë·Î ÀÚ¶ûÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¼ö¿¡Áî À§±â ´ëó¹ý¿¡ °üÇØ ´ç½Å¿¡°Ô ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾î¸° ÇлýµéÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù.”
Mr Dunn warned that the censorship of history was dangerous.
´ø ±³¼ö´Â ¿ª»ç¸¦ °Ë¿ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº À§ÇèÇÑ ÀÏÀ̶ó°í °æ°íÇß´Ù.
“History just provides us with vital skills,” he said.
“¿ª»ç´Â ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ´É·ÂÀ» °®Ãß°Ô ÇØÁÙ »ÓÀÌ´Ù”°í ±×´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
“I personally believe that the skills involved in history – that is, empathising with the past, understanding what made people do the things that they did – that is what makes history such an important thing to study.”
“³ª´Â °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î, ¿ª»ç¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ±× ´É·ÂµéÀÌ – Áï, °ú°Å¿Í °ø°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í °ú°Å »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇàÇÑ Àϵ鿡 ´ëÇØ ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô Çß´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ – ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¿ì¸®°¡ °øºÎÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áß¿äÇÑ Çй®À¸·Î ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.
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